Underwater Acoustics and Sonar Signal Processing

 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Kraus     

1. Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics (pdf)
   1.1 Sound Velocity in the Ocean
   1.2 Typical Vertical Sound Velocity Profiles
        1.2.1 Underwater Sound Channel (USC)
        1.2.2 Surface Sound Channel
        1.2.3 Underwater Sound Channel with two Axis
        1.2.4 Antiwaveguide Propagation
   1.3 Transmission Loss of Sound
        1.3.1 Spreading Loss
        1.3.2 Sound Attenuation in Water
        1.3.3 Sound Attenuation in Sediment
   1.4 Sound Reflection and Transmission at a fluid-fluid interface
        1.4.1 Lossless Media
        1.4.2 Lossy Media
        1.4.3 Forward Reflection Loss
   1.5 Sound Scattering
   1.6 Ambient Noise
   1.7 Sonar Performance Prediction
        1.7.1 Performance parameters
        1.7.2 Sound Propagation Related Parameters
        1.7.3 Sonar Equation 
 
2. Sound Propagation Modeling (pdf)
   2.1 The Wave Equation
   2.2 Homogeneous Waveguide
        2.2.1 Image Source Approach
        2.2.2 Normal Mode Approach
   2.3 Inhomogeneous Waveguide
        2.3.1 Ray-Tracing, zero order sound speed approximation   
        2.3.2 Ray-Tracing, first order sound speed approximation

3. Sonar Antenna Design (pdf)
   3.1 Design of the Antenna Aperture
        3.1.1 Basic principles
        3.1.2 Continuous Apertures
        3.1.3 Discrete Apertures
   3.2 Design of the Transducers
        3.2.1 Introduction
        3.2.2 Piezoelectric Transducers
        3.2.3 Electrical Equivalent Circuits

4. Sonar Signal Processing (pdf)   
   4.1 Introduction
   4.2 Matched Filtering
        4.2.1 Matched Filtering for Band Pass Signals
        4.2.2 Quadrature Demodulation
        4.2.3 Matched Filtering after Quadrature Demodulation 
   4.3 Range Resolution of a Sonar System
   4.4 Doppler Effect
   4.5 Pulse Compression
        4.5.1 Interconection of power spectrum, point target response and range resolution
        4.5.2 Ambiguity Function
   4.6 Signal Detection

5. Array Processing (pdf)
   5.1 Introduction
   5.2 Performance Measures
        5.2.1 Antenna Gain
        5.2.2 Directivety Index
   5.3 Conventional Beamforming
        5.3.1 Time Domain Beamforming
        5.3.2 Frequency Domain Beamforming
   5.4 Introduction to High Resolution Methods
        5.4.1 Narrowband Snapshot Model
        5.4.2 Classical Beamformer
        5.4.3 High Resolution Diagrams
        5.4.4 ML DOA and Signal Parameter Estimation
        5.4.5 ML DOA and Signal Parameter Estimation using EM Algorithm
   5.5 Synthetic Aperture Sonar Principle

Questionnaire (pdf)